By now we should know the letter hamza. ء

We said if it has a fatha it becomes a أَ, with a kasra it become i إِ and with a dhammah it becomes u أُ

We also have a connecting hamza ٱ

known as hamzatul wasl in Arabic. It looks like the head of the letter Saad ص placed above an Alif at the beginning of a word.

 

ٱلْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ ٱلْعَـٰلَمِينَ

Like in this example. We see two hamzatul wasls.

Now the rules are, if we begin reading with a word beginning with hamzatul wasl, then we pronounce it with a vowel.
So this word will read الْحَمْدُ alhamdu.
I pronounced the hamzatul wasl with a vowel.
Or if we start reading from this word it will read الْعَالَمِينَ  al ‘aalamiin.

But if we continue reading the sentence, the hamzatul wasl gets dropped.
So this will read rabbil a’alamin رَبِّ ٱلْعَـٰلَمِينَ and not rabbi – al ‘aalamiin.

Lets have a look at some more examples

وَٱلْقَلَم 

This is two words. When we are reading these two words together we have to drop the hamzatul wasl. It now reads walqalam.
But if I read this word ٱلْقَلَم on its own, I have to place a vowel on the hamzatul wasl. It will read alqalam.

 

وَٱنْحَرْ 

Another example. When we are reading these two words together we have to drop the hamzatul wasl. It now reads wanhar.

Let’s try something bigger.

طَعَامِ ٱلْمِسْكِين 

The first word reads Ta-‘aami. The second word has hamzatul wasl. We have to place the vowel on it when starting to read from it. It reads almiskiin.
Now when we read it together we drop the hamzatul wasl. It now reads Ta-‘aa mil miskiin.

 

هُنَالِكَ ٱبْتُلِىَ ٱلْمُؤْمِنُونَ 

Let’s find all the hamzatuls wasls. Ok great. Now since we are reading everything together, we have to drop the hamzatul wasl.
It reads Hu naa li kab tu li yal mu’ mi nuun. See how we did not pronounce the hamzatul wasl. Hunaa likab tuliyal mu’minuun. 

And if I begin reading from these words, we have to keep the hamzatul wasl and add a vowel. If I begin reading here ٱلْمُؤْمِنُونَ, it will read almu’minuun.
And if I begin reading here ٱبْتُلِىَ, this will read Ubtuliya.

 

Question? When you begin reading a word with hamzatul wasl, how do you know what vowel to put on the hamzatul wasl?
Like in this example, I put a dhammah here اُبْتُلِيَ  and a fatha here اَلْمُؤْمِنُونَ

Since we are just learning and most of us don’t know the difference between a vowel and a noun, we should follow these steps.

1. Step 1, If after the hamzatul wasl there is a laam ل, you add a fatha. Like in these examples.

ٱلْحَمْدُ ٱلْعَـٰلَمِينَ 

We see a laam after hamzatul wasl, we have to place a fatha on the hamzatul wasl. Thw first word reads alhamdu, the second word reads al’aalamiin.

 

2. Step 2, If the word doesn’t have a laam after hamzatul wasl, then we look at the 3^rd letter of that word.
   If it has a dhamma then we place a dhamma on the hamzatul wasl.
   Like in these examples.

   ٱخْرُج  –    ٱنظُرْ

   There is no laam after hamzatul wasl. The third letter has a dhammah, so we place a dhammah on hamzatul wasl. This reads اُنظُرْ Unthur,
   and this reads Ukhruj اُخْرُج. There are a few exceptions; you can follow our tajweed video for more details. 

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     Tajweed Made Easy - Hamza Tul Wasl and Hamza Tul Qat'a

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3. Step 3, if the word doesn’t have a laam after hamzatul wasl, and if the third letter does not have a dhamma on it, then it takes a kasra.
   Like these examples

   ٱفْتَحْ  –   ٱذْهَبْ 

   There is no laam after hamzatul wasl. The third letter doesn’t have a dhammah, therefore the hamzatul wasl takes a kasra. The first one reads Idh hab,
   and the second reads iftah.

Let’s do some more examples to sum it up.

 

Lets say I want to start reading from here اشْرَحْ. Let’s look through the rules. Is there a laam after hamzatul wasl? No.So it’s not a fatha.
Does the third letter have a dhamma? No. So it’s not a dhamma.
It can only be a kasra. It reads Ishrah. 

 

قِيلَ ٱدْخُلِ ٱلْجَنَّةَ

Lets say I want to start reading from here ٱدْخُلِ. Lets look through the rules. Is there a laam after hamzatul wasl? No. So it’s not a fatha.
Does the third letter have a dhamma? Yes. So it takes a dhamma. It reads udkhuli.

And lets say I want to start reading from here الْجَنَّةَ. Lets look through the rules. Is there a laam after hamzatul wasl? Yes. So it takes a fatha. It reads aljannah.