Now we know that a Fatha makes an “a” sound, a Dhammah makes an “u” sound and a Kasra makes an “I” sound.

For example, this letter is Faa, ف

with a fatha is pronounced as fa فَ,

with a dhammah it is Fu فُ

and with a kasra it is Fi فِ

Sometimes you will see two fathas or two dhammahs or two kasras on a letter.

 

This is called the tanween and all you do is add an “N” sound to the vowel.

For example,

with 2 x karahs Fi will become Fin فٍ

with 2 dhammahs Fu will become Fun فٌ

with 2 fathas Fa will become Fan فً. For the purpose of writing this فً is actually written like this فاً  with an extra Alif. It only happens when there are two fathas at the end of a word with a couple of exceptions, but you will learn this later on.

 

Here is another example زَ زُ زِ

when this letter ز has a short vowel it is read as Za زَ, Zu زُ, Zi زِ.
When there is a tanween all you do is add a “N” sound to the end of the word.

So, when there is two kasras Zin زٍ,
two dhammahs Zun زٌ,
two fathas it is Zan زً.
Don’t forget when there are two fathas for the purpose of writing you have to put an alif in most cases زاً

Another example ل

Laam with a fatha is La لَ,
with a dhammah it is Lu لُ,
with a kasra it is Li لِ.

With two kasras it is Lin لٍ,
two dhammah it is Lun لٌ,
with two fathas it is Lan لً.
Don’t forget to add the Alif because there are two fathas. This is how the Lam and alif are writtenلاً in the books

One more example, this letter is Seen س

With a fatha it becomes Sa سَ,
with a dhammah it becomes Su سُ,
with a kasra it becomes Si سِ

Now with two Kasras it becomes Sin سٍ
With two dhammahs it becomes Sun سٌ
and with two fathas it becomes San سً
And this is how it is written because it has two fathas ساً

Practice some more examples to get familiar with this rule